7-模板方法(常用)
模板方法(Template Method)
Intent
定义算法框架,并将一些步骤的实现延迟到子类。
通过模板方法,子类可以重新定义算法的某些步骤,而不用改变算法的结构。
Class Diagram
Implementation
冲咖啡和冲茶都有类似的流程,但是某些步骤会有点不一样,要求复用那些相同步骤的代码。
public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
// 定义冲泡的步骤
final void prepareRecipe() {
boilWater();// 煮水
brew(); // 沏(茶),冲(咖啡)
pourInCup(); // 倒入杯子
addCondiments(); // 添加调味品
}
abstract void brew();
abstract void addCondiments();
void boilWater() {
System.out.println("boilWater");
}
void pourInCup() {
System.out.println("pourInCup");
}
}
public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
@Override
void brew() {
System.out.println("Coffee.brew");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Coffee.addCondiments");
}
}
public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage {
@Override
void brew() {
System.out.println("Tea.brew");
}
@Override
void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Tea.addCondiments");
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CaffeineBeverage caffeineBeverage = new Coffee();
caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
System.out.println("-----------");
caffeineBeverage = new Tea();
caffeineBeverage.prepareRecipe();
}
}
boilWater
Coffee.brew
pourInCup
Coffee.addCondiments
-----------
boilWater
Tea.brew
pourInCup
Tea.addCondiments
Business Scenario
模拟爬虫
模拟从京东、淘宝、当当网站上爬取信息并生成商品海报。因为有的网站需要登录后才能取到信息,所以第一步骤为模拟登录,第二部为爬取信息,第三步为生成海报。
模板方法实现
爬虫步骤抽象类
/**
* 基础电商推广服务
* 1. 生成最优价商品海报
* 2. 海报含带推广邀请码
*/
public abstract class NetMall {
protected Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NetMall.class);
String uId; // 用户ID
String uPwd; // 用户密码
public NetMall(String uId, String uPwd) {
this.uId = uId;
this.uPwd = uPwd;
}
/**
* 生成商品推广海报
*
* @param skuUrl 商品地址(京东、淘宝、当当)
* @return 海报图片base64位信息
*/
public String generateGoodsPoster(String skuUrl) {
if (!login(uId, uPwd)) return null; // 1. 验证登录
Map<String, String> reptile = reptile(skuUrl); // 2. 爬虫商品
return createBase64(reptile); // 3. 组装海报
}
// 模拟登录
protected abstract Boolean login(String uId, String uPwd);
// 爬虫提取商品信息(登录后的优惠价格)
protected abstract Map<String, String> reptile(String skuUrl);
// 生成商品海报信息
protected abstract String createBase64(Map<String, String> goodsInfo);
}
爬虫具体实现
说明:这里只具体实现了京东的,其他都没事实际实现,只是copy
public class DangDangNetMall extends NetMall {
public DangDangNetMall(String uId, String uPwd) {
super(uId, uPwd);
}
@Override
public Boolean login(String uId, String uPwd) {
logger.info("模拟当当用户登录 uId:{} uPwd:{}", uId, uPwd);
return true;
}
@Override
public Map<String, String> reptile(String skuUrl) {
String str = HttpClient.doGet(skuUrl);
Pattern p9 = Pattern.compile("(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)");
Matcher m9 = p9.matcher(str);
Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();
if (m9.find()) {
map.put("name", m9.group());
}
map.put("price", "4548.00");
logger.info("模拟当当商品爬虫解析:{} | {} 元 {}", map.get("name"), map.get("price"), skuUrl);
return map;
}
@Override
public String createBase64(Map<String, String> goodsInfo) {
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
logger.info("模拟生成当当商品base64海报");
return encoder.encode(JSON.toJSONString(goodsInfo).getBytes());
}
}
/**
* 模拟JD商城
*/
public class JDNetMall extends NetMall {
public JDNetMall(String uId, String uPwd) {
super(uId, uPwd);
}
public Boolean login(String uId, String uPwd) {
logger.info("模拟京东用户登录 uId:{} uPwd:{}", uId, uPwd);
return true;
}
public Map<String, String> reptile(String skuUrl) {
String str = HttpClient.doGet(skuUrl);
Pattern p9 = Pattern.compile("(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)");
Matcher m9 = p9.matcher(str);
Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();
if (m9.find()) {
map.put("name", m9.group());
}
map.put("price", "5999.00");
logger.info("模拟京东商品爬虫解析:{} | {} 元 {}", map.get("name"), map.get("price"), skuUrl);
return map;
}
public String createBase64(Map<String, String> goodsInfo) {
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
logger.info("模拟生成京东商品base64海报");
return encoder.encode(JSON.toJSONString(goodsInfo).getBytes());
}
}
public class TaoBaoNetMall extends NetMall {
public TaoBaoNetMall(String uId, String uPwd) {
super(uId, uPwd);
}
@Override
public Boolean login(String uId, String uPwd) {
logger.info("模拟淘宝用户登录 uId:{} uPwd:{}", uId, uPwd);
return true;
}
@Override
public Map<String, String> reptile(String skuUrl) {
String str = HttpClient.doGet(skuUrl);
Pattern p9 = Pattern.compile("(?<=title\\>).*(?=</title)");
Matcher m9 = p9.matcher(str);
Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();
if (m9.find()) {
map.put("name", m9.group());
}
map.put("price", "4799.00");
logger.info("模拟淘宝商品爬虫解析:{} | {} 元 {}", map.get("name"), map.get("price"), skuUrl);
return map;
}
@Override
public String createBase64(Map<String, String> goodsInfo) {
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
logger.info("模拟生成淘宝商品base64海报");
return encoder.encode(JSON.toJSONString(goodsInfo).getBytes());
}
}
工具类
public class HttpClient {
public static String doGet(String httpurl) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = null;// 返回结果字符串
try {
// 创建远程url连接对象
URL url = new URL(httpurl);
// 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接,强转成httpURLConnection类
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置连接方式:get
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间:15000毫秒
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
// 设置读取远程返回的数据时间:60000毫秒
connection.setReadTimeout(60000);
// 发送请求
connection.connect();
// 通过connection连接,获取输入流
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
is = connection.getInputStream();
// 封装输入流is,并指定字符集
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
// 存放数据
StringBuilder sbf = new StringBuilder();
String temp = null;
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
sbf.append(temp);
sbf.append("\r\n");
}
result = sbf.toString();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
assert connection != null;
connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接
}
return result;
}
}
Summary
模板方法在实际中应用还是比较多的,基本上只要涉及流程规范,以及某些流程的具体实现需要延迟到子类的时候都会使用模板方法
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